Fiber optic cables, the backbone of modern telecommunication, are systematically divided into two main categories: Multimode fiber and Single-mode fiber cables. This categorization employs the prefixes ‘OM’ for Multimode fibers and ‘OS’ for Single-mode fibers, facilitating a standardized approach in the industry.

Within the realms of international standards such as ISO/IEC 11801 and EIA/TIA, a comprehensive classification system defines five distinct types of Multimode fibers – namely OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, and OM5. Concurrently, two types of Single-mode fibers denoted as OS1 and OS2, are specified within the same standards. It’s worth noting that the OM/OS nomenclature is not confined solely to the fiber itself; rather, it extends to cabled optical fiber, with cabling standards encompassing both the cable and connecting hardware.

The nomenclatures OM1, OM2, OM3, OS1, and OS2, as articulated in ISO/IEC 11801 and 24702, specifically pertaining to the performance characteristics of the cables. This emphasis on performance is further clarified by the BS EN 50173 series, which explicitly labels the OM/OS nomenclature as “optical fiber cable categories.” These standards collectively establish a robust framework for the classification and performance evaluation of fiber optic cables, ensuring consistency and interoperability in the ever-evolving field of optical communication.

Understanding OM and OS Type Cables:

• Technical Differences:
  • Core Diameter: A fundamental distinction between OM and OS cables lies in their core diameter. OM cables, featuring larger core sizes (50 and 62.5 microns), offer increased light-gathering capacity compared to OS cables.
  • Light Source: While OM cables typically utilize LEDs or lasers, OS cables operate with more expensive laser sources, primarily at 1310 or 1550 nm wavelengths.
  • Bandwidth: OM fibers exhibit a lower bandwidth-distance product due to their larger core size, subject to limitations imposed by modal dispersion.
• Practical Differences:
  • Distance: Single-mode cables are preferred for longer distances, whereas multimode fibers are suitable for short-haul applications, covering up to 550m at 10Gb/s.
  • Price: Multimode fibers are generally more cost-effective than single-mode fibers.
  • Bandwidth: Single-mode cables offer higher bandwidth, up to 100,000 GHz, compared to multimode fibers.

Comparison Between OS Fiber Optic Cables:

1. OS1:
   1. Optical Singlemode Fiber with 1.0 dB/km attenuation, suitable for indoor use at speeds from 1-10Gb/s up to 2km.
2. OS2:
   1. Optical Singlemode Fiber with varying attenuation at different wavelengths, used for outdoor applications, offering longer transmission distances.
3. Attenuation Comparison:
   1. OS1 and OS2 fibers exhibit low attenuation, ensuring reliable performance at different wavelengths.

Understanding Different Types of OM Fiber Optic Cables:

1. OM1 to OM5:

•  OM1 fiber typically comes with an orange jacket and has a core size of 62.5 µm. It can support 10 Gigabit Ethernet at lengths of up to 33 meters. It is most commonly used for 100 Megabit Ethernet applications. This type commonly uses an LED light source.

• OM2 refers to a 50um or 62.5um core-diameter multi-mode fiber with a full injection bandwidth of 500/500MHz.km at 850/1300nm; The outer sheath is usually orange and can be used for Ethernet below 10Gbps, most commonly used in Gigabit Ethernet.

• OM3 is an 850nm laser-optimized 50um core-diameter multi-mode fiber with an aqua outer sheath. In 10Gb/s Ethernet with 850nm VCSEL, the fiber transmission distance can reach 300m. Compared with OM1 and OM2 fiber, OM3 has a higher transmission rate and bandwidth, so it is also called optimized multi-mode fiber or 10GbE multi-mode fiber.

• OM4 optical fiber is an upgraded version of OM3 multi-mode optical fiber, and the fiber transmission distance can reach 550m. For example, the effective bandwidth of OM4 optical fiber is more than twice that of OM3 optical fiber, which is compatible with OM3 optical fiber, and its outer sheath is aqua. In Ethernet above 10Gbps, OM4 optical fiber has a longer transmission distance of 400m than OM3 optical fiber.

• OM5 fiber is a new generation of multi-mode fiber. It was just standardized in recent years. Different from OM1, OM2, OM3, and OM4, OM5 fiber is designed to work over a wide range of wavelengths between 850nm and 950nm. It supports SWDM (shortwave wavelength division multiplexing) technology which can reduce fiber counts in optical transmission and is compatible with OM4 fiber. The outer sheath is lemon green.

In a word, the biggest difference among OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, and OM5 multi-mode fibers lies in their physical and application differences, details as follows,

1, Physical Differences

Different multi-mode optical fibers have different physical differences, mainly in diameter, outer sheath color, light source, and bandwidth, as shown in the following table:

2, Application Differences

Different multi-mode optical fibers are used in different Ethernet networks, and support different maximum transmission distances, as shown in the following table:

Expanding on HOLIGHT’s Patch Cord Offerings:

As a leading player in the fiber optic industry, HOLIGHT distinguishes itself by offering a comprehensive suite of patch cords designed to elevate the connectivity and performance of both Single-mode (OS) and Multimode (OM) fiber optic cables. HOLIGHT’s commitment to precision engineering and customer satisfaction is evident in its diverse range of patch cord solutions, catering to the unique demands of various fiber optic applications.

1. Versatility in Patch Cord Types:

• HOLIGHT prides itself on delivering a spectrum of patch cords that transcend traditional boundaries. Among the most popular offerings are waterproof patch cords, designed to withstand challenging environmental conditions. These waterproof patch cords ensure uninterrupted data transmission even in harsh outdoor settings, providing a robust solution for diverse deployment scenarios.
• Another standout in HOLIGHT’s repertoire is the MPO/MTP patch cords, demonstrating the company’s commitment to cutting-edge technology. MPO/MTP connectors facilitate high-density connections, making them ideal for applications demanding increased bandwidth and efficiency. HOLIGHT tailors these patch cords to the unique specifications outlined by customers, ensuring a seamless fit into their existing infrastructure.

2. Customization to Customer Requirements:

• HOLIGHT takes pride in its customer-centric approach, acknowledging that every network has unique demands. Regardless of whether customers require Single-mode (OS) or Multimode (OM) patch cords, HOLIGHT is equipped to meet these requirements with tailored solutions. The ability to customize patch cords allows HOLIGHT to address specific performance needs, ensuring optimal compatibility and performance within the customer’s network architecture.

3. Integration for Enhanced Performance:

• HOLIGHT’s patch cords go beyond being simple connectors; they are essential components that enhance the overall performance of fiber optic networks. HOLIGHT prioritizes precise design and engineering, ensuring not just seamless connectivity but also reliable data transmission. As customers incorporate HOLIGHT’s patch cords into their networks, they can experience improved signal integrity and minimized signal loss, contributing to the efficiency and reliability of their communication infrastructure.

4, Assurance of Quality and Timeliness:

• HOLIGHT’s commitment to excellence extends to providing high-quality and timely solutions for customers. By opting for HOLIGHT’s patch cords, network administrators can have confidence in the robustness and efficiency of their networks. HOLIGHT’s patch cords play a crucial role in maintaining signal integrity, reducing downtime, and ensuring a consistent data flow across the entire network architecture.

In summary, HOLIGHT’s diverse and customizable patch cord offerings highlight the company’s dedication to providing practical solutions tailored to the evolving needs of fiber optic communication. With a focus on delivering reliable products, prompt delivery, and attentive after-sales service, HOLIGHT remains a dependable partner in the dynamic landscape of optical connectivity.