Introduction to PLC Splitters

Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) splitters are pivotal components in modern fiber optic networks. Their role in splitting optical signals efficiently across various paths is crucial for ensuring seamless data transmission. To select the most suitable PLC splitter, it’s essential to consider several key factors.

Types of PLC Splitters

PLC splitters come in diverse configurations, catering to specific network requirements:

1. Based on Configuration:
2. 1xN and 2xN Splitters: Indicating the input and output port count (e.g., 1×4, 1×8, 2×16).
3. Single-mode vs. Multimode: Single-mode for long-distance transmission; multimode for shorter distances.
4. Based on Package Type:
5. Module Type: Enclosed in a module for easy installation.
6. Rack-Mounted Type: Ideal for high-density fiber distribution in larger setups.

Critical Considerations for Selection

1. Split Ratio

The split ratio defines how the input power is distributed among the output ports. For instance, a 1×4 splitter divides the input power into four equal parts. Understanding the required split ratio is essential for ensuring that the signal is appropriately distributed across all network segments without overloading or weakening any specific branch.

• Use Case Scenarios: Different applications might require varying split ratios. For example, a 1×2 splitter might be suitable for a simple point-to-point connection, while a 1×32 splitter could be apt for distributing signals to multiple end-users in a PON setup.
• Connector Type and Configuration

PLC splitters are available with various connector types such as SC, LC, FC, and more. Compatibility with the existing infrastructure is crucial to ensure seamless integration and ease of deployment.

• Connector Loss: Different connectors exhibit varying levels of insertion loss. Selecting connectors with lower insertion loss helps minimize signal attenuation, ensuring higher efficiency in the network.
• Insertion Loss and Uniformity

Insertion loss refers to the amount of optical power lost when the signal passes through the splitter. It’s crucial to aim for minimal insertion loss to maintain signal strength and integrity across the network.

• Uniformity: Uniformity indicates how evenly the signal is split among output ports. High uniformity ensures consistent signal distribution, preventing disparities in performance among different branches of the network.
• Operating Wavelength

PLC splitters operate within specific wavelength ranges. Ensuring compatibility between the operating wavelength of the splitter and that of the network is crucial to prevent signal loss or distortion.

• Wavelength Compatibility: For instance, in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, where multiple signals are transmitted simultaneously at different wavelengths, selecting splitters compatible with these wavelengths is fundamental.
• Environmental Factors

Consider the environmental conditions where the PLC splitter will be deployed. Factors such as temperature range, humidity, and exposure to external elements need consideration for optimal performance and longevity.

• Outdoor vs. Indoor Use: Outdoor deployments might require PLC splitters with robust housing to withstand harsh weather conditions, while indoor deployments might focus more on compactness and ease of installation.
• Reliability and Longevity

Assessing the reliability of the materials used in the splitter’s construction and the manufacturer’s track record is crucial. High-quality materials and reliable manufacturing processes contribute to longevity and consistent performance.

• MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures): Understanding the MTBF provided by the manufacturer can provide insights into the expected reliability and maintenance requirements of the splitter。

Testing and Validation

Before deployment, rigorous testing and validation of the PLC splitter’s performance against specified parameters are essential. Conducting tests for insertion loss, return loss, and uniformity ensures that the splitter meets the required standards for efficient operation within the network.

• By carefully considering these factors and aligning them with the specific needs of the network, one can make informed decisions while selecting PLC splitters, ensuring optimized performance and reliability in fiber optic networks.

Ports		1×2	2×2	1×4	2×4	1×8	2×8	1×16	2×16	1×32	2×32	1×64	2×64
Operating Wavelengths(nm)		1260~1650
Insertion Loss(dB)	Max P/S	3.8	4.0	7.1	7.6	10.2	11.0	13.5	14.4	16.5	17.5	20.5	21.0
Loss Uniformity(dB)	Max	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.8	1.2	1.2	1.5	1.5	2.0	2.0	2.2
PDL(dB)	Max	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.25	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.35	0.4
Return Loss(dB)	Min	UPC: 50    APC: 55
Directivity(dB)	Min	55
Input Fiber		Bend Insenstive SM Fiber(ITU G657A)
Output Fiber		Bend Insenstive SM Fiber(ITU G657A)
Max. Optic Power(mw)		300
Humidity Range(rh)		5% ~ 85%
Opreating Temperature(°C)		-40 ~ +85
Storage Temperature(°C)		-40 ~ +85
Packaing Option		Bare Device, Mini Tube, ABS Module, LGX BOX,19’ 1U 2U Rack-Mount, ODF BOX
Mini Tube(Metal) Dimension(mm) (LxWxH)		40x4x4		50x4x4		50x7x4		60x12x4		80x20x6		100x40x6
ABS Module Dimension(mm) (LxWxH)		100x80x10		100x80x10		100x80x10		120x80x18		120x80x18		140x115x18
BOX Dimension(mm) (LxWxH)		LGX BOX,19’ 1U 2U Rack-Mount, ODF BOX

Applications and Use Cases

1. Telecommunications
2. Facilitating FTTH for seamless internet, TV, and phone services.
3. Data Centers
4. Efficient signal distribution and consolidation within data center architectures.
5. Passive Optical Networks (PON)
6. Splitting optical signals for multiple users in PON setups.
7. CATV Networks
8. Distributing signals across homes in cable television networks.

Emerging Trends in PLC Splitters

1. Higher Split Ratios

Traditionally, PLC splitters were available in common configurations like 1×2, 1×4, or 1×8. However, the demand for higher network scalability and wider coverage has led to the development of splitters with significantly higher split ratios, such as 1×32, 1×64, or even 2×128.

• Increased Network Coverage: Splitters with higher split ratios allow for more extensive network coverage, making them particularly useful in scenarios where signals need to be distributed to numerous end-users or locations without signal degradation.
• PON Evolution: In Passive Optical Networks (PONs), higher split ratios enable service providers to efficiently serve more subscribers without compromising signal quality, offering cost-effective solutions for expanding network reach.

2. Compact and Integrated Designs

A notable trend involves the development of smaller, more compact PLC splitters that integrate multiple functionalities into a single device.

• Space Efficiency: Space-saving designs are crucial, especially in environments where installation space is limited or where high-density fiber distribution is required, such as in data centers or crowded telecommunication cabinets.
• Reduced Footprint: Compact designs not only optimize physical space but also simplify installation and maintenance processes, providing more flexibility in network design and expansion.

3. Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) Reduction

PDL is a crucial factor affecting signal quality and consistency in optical networks. Emerging PLC splitters aim to minimize PDL to enhance signal performance.

• Improved Signal Quality: Lower PDL results in better signal integrity, reducing signal distortion and improving overall network reliability.
• Enhanced Network Stability: By reducing PDL, these splitters offer more stable and consistent signal splitting across different polarization states, ensuring uniform performance in diverse network conditions.

4. Wavelength-Selective Splitters

In specific applications requiring signal separation or routing based on wavelengths, the development of wavelength-selective PLC splitters has gained attention.

• Specialized Applications: These splitters cater to niche applications where signals of specific wavelengths need to be directed to different paths or devices, offering more tailored solutions.
• Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM): Wavelength-selective splitters find relevance in WDM systems, where multiple signals at different wavelengths coexist and require segregation or manipulation.

5. Advanced Manufacturing Techniques

Advancements in manufacturing processes and technologies have contributed to improved PLC splitter performance and cost-effectiveness.

• Enhanced Yield and Efficiency: Innovations in fabrication methods result in higher production yields and improved overall quality of splitters.
• Cost Reduction: Streamlined manufacturing processes often lead to cost reductions, making high-quality PLC splitters more accessible for various network deployments.

As the demand for faster, more reliable, and scalable fiber optic networks grows, these emerging trends in PLC splitters serve to address the evolving needs of telecommunications, data centers, and other industries relying on robust optical infrastructure. Embracing these innovations ensures networks remain adaptable and efficient in meeting future demands.

Conclusion

Understanding the intricate details of PLC splitters, from their types and critical selection factors to their applications and emerging trends, is pivotal for optimizing the performance of fiber optic networks. At HOLIGHT (www.holightoptic.com), we recognize the significance of selecting the right PLC splitters to ensure seamless data transmission and network efficiency. Visit our website to explore our range of high-quality PLC splitters and tailored optical network solutions.